|
Showing 1 - 6 of
6 matches in All Departments
Biofuels will play a key role in the 21st century as the world
faces two critical problems; volatile fuel prices and global
climatic changes. Both of these are linked to the overdependence on
the fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Transportation
is almost totally dependent on petroleum based fuels such as
gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and on natural gas.
Despite a significant amount of research into biofuels, the field
has not been able to replace fossil fuels. Recent advances will
change this scenario. Extracting fuel from biomass has been very
expensive (both monetarily and in land usage), time consuming,
unusable byproducts, etc. Technology to obtain liquid fuel from
non-fossil sources must be improved to be faster, more efficient
and more cost-effective. This book will cover the current
technology used for a variety of plant types and explore
shortcomings with each.
This book explores a novel technique for processing biodiesel using
lipase immobilization by encapsulation and its physical properties,
stability characteristics, and application in stirred tank and
re-circulated packed bed immobilized reactors for biodiesel
production. The enzymatic processing of biodiesel addresses many of
the problems associated with chemical processing. It requires only
moderate operating conditions and yields a high-quality product
with a high level of conversion and the life cycle assessment of
enzymatic biodiesel production has more favourable environmental
consequences. The chemical processing problems of waste water
treatment are lessened and soap formation is not an issue, meaning
that waste oil with higher FFA can be used as the feedstock. The by
product glycerol does not require any purification and it can be
sold at higher price. However, soluble enzymatic processing is not
perfect. It is costly, the enzyme cannot be recycled and its
removal from the product is difficult. For these reasons,
immobilized enzymatic process has been developed which retains the
advantages of the soluble enzymatic process and reuse of the enzyme
is possible which decreases the enzyme cost, the biodiesel produced
does not contain any enzyme residue and the activity of the enzyme
can be increased by immobilization. The drawbacks of the
immobilized enzyme process are mass transfer limitation, enzyme
leakage, the lack of a versatile commercial immobilized enzyme and
some of immobilization methods involve toxic chemicals. To overcome
the drawbacks of the immobilized enzyme, an attempt is made to use
a degradable biopolymer ( -carrageenan) as a carrier for lipase
immobilization.
This book provides an extensive overview of the latest research in
environmentally benign integrated bioprocess technology. The
cutting edge bioprocess technologies highlighted in the book
include bioenergy from lignocellulose materials, biomass
gasification, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel from agro waste,
enzymatic bioprocess technology, food fermentation with starter
cultures, and intellectual property rights for bioprocesses. This
book further addresses niche technologies in bioprocesses that
broadens readers' understanding of downstream processing for bio
products and membrane technology for bioprocesses. The latest
developments in biomass and bioenergy technology are reviewed
exhaustively, including IPR rights, nanotechnology for bioenergy
products, biomass gasification, and biomass combustion. This is an
ideal book for scientists, engineers, students, as well as members
of industry and policy-makers. This book also: Addresses
cutting-edge technologies in bioprocesses Broadens readers'
understanding of metabolic engineering, downstream processing for
bioproducts, and membrane technology for bioprocesses Reviews
exhaustively the latest developments in biomass and bioenergy
technology, including nanotechnology for bioenergy products,
biomass gasification, biomass combustion, and more
Biofuels will play a key role in the 21st century as the world
faces two critical problems; volatile fuel prices and global
climatic changes. Both of these are linked to the overdependence on
the fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Transportation
is almost totally dependent on petroleum based fuels such as
gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and on natural gas.
Despite a significant amount of research into biofuels, the field
has not been able to replace fossil fuels. Recent advances will
change this scenario. Extracting fuel from biomass has been very
expensive (both monetarily and in land usage), time consuming,
unusable byproducts, etc. Technology to obtain liquid fuel from
non-fossil sources must be improved to be faster, more efficient
and more cost-effective. This book will cover the current
technology used for a variety of plant types and explore
shortcomings with each.
|
You may like...
Loot
Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
(2)
R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
|